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The primary function of a power supply in a computer is to convert AC power from the wall outlet into lower voltage DC power that is suitable for the components within the computer. This conversion is crucial because most computer components—such as the motherboard, processor, memory, and storage devices—require various levels of direct current (DC) power to operate effectively. The power supply ensures that clean and stable DC power is provided to these components, allowing them to function properly.

In addition to converting voltage, power supplies often include features like overvoltage protection, under-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection to safeguard the components from electrical anomalies. The power supply is therefore a vital part of the computer system, enabling all other components to receive the necessary power for their operations.

The other options, while related to components of a computer, do not accurately describe the main role of the power supply. A power supply does not specifically power only the graphics card, nor does it manage data storage or regulate CPU temperature.